A brain computer interface (BCI) is a device that enables people with cognitive or motor impairments to control computers or other devices. BCIs translate brain signals using a variety of sensors and recording techniques, as well as a signal processing algorithm and machine learning. They can control a wide range of devices, such as cursors on computer monitors wheelchairs, robotic arm and wheelchairs.
Most BCIs measure activity from the scalp, such as electroencephalographic (EEG) or functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRS) signaling. The signals are captured by a sensor that detects the activity of neurons. Software converts them into operating commands.
In many BCI systems users must undergo an iterative process of instruction how to generate signals that the system can recognize. For instance, in a BCI that is specifically designed to type letters, the user must imagine moving their right or left hand.
The most exciting BCI developments involve implantable or surgical systems that record directly from neural tissue rather than the scalp. These devices are more precise than non-invasive BCIs but require surgery and have some risks.
Invasive BCIs are still very experimental, and it is critical that patients who undergo this procedure know the dangers and benefits of this procedure. Security and privacy are also major issues, as BCIs read neural signals that may contain sensitive health or behavioral information. Some people are against the technology due to fears that hackers might hack their minds and influence them.
https://hive-eu.org/linking-the-human-mind-to-a-machine
